+ access controls for hardware manufacturers, publishers and copyright holders to limit usage on digital content
+ used by sony, amazon, apple, microsoft, AOL and the BBC
+ the use of DRM is controversial. DRM systems are considered to be anti-competitive practices which prevent or reduce competition in the market
+ they attempt to control the use of digital media by preventing access copying or conversion to other formats by the user
+ file sharing tools such as limewire have made unauthorized distrubution of copies of digital media much easier
+ digital media files can be copied an unlimited amount of time without losing quality
+ sony, BMG and EMI do not release CDS with DRM protection anymore. They are DRM free
+ apple products used to obide by fairPlay DRM. FairPlay DRM is encoded into any form of media purchased at apply using what is called a "user key"
+ fairPlay DRM allowed:
- the track to be copied to any number of ipod/iphones (however each ipod/iphone restricts a maximum of 5 different itunes accounts)
- tracks to be played on up to 5 authorized computers
- playlists could only be copied to a CD 7 times before the playlist had to be changed
- a track could be copied to a standard CD any number of times but did not attain first sale rights and could not be leased, lent, sold or distributed by the creator
+ itunes now currently trade with no DRM or fairPlay DRM restrictions in place. They came to an agreement with all major record labels to lift the DRM restriction.
Digital Watermarking
+ although music is currently DRM free on itunes, they still use what is called "digital watermarking"
+ digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into the digital signal of either audio, pictures or video. This allows the distributer to be easily traced and to prevent the unauthorized copying of digital media
+ itunes uses its digital watermarking as a way of copyright protection
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